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Questions
A: vitamin A
B: vitamin B12
C: vitamin C
D: vitamin D
E: vitamin E
Select, from A to E, which vitamin applies to the
following statements.
1. Autoimmune gastritis results in malabsorption of
this vitamin
2. Exists in vegetable oils
3. Increases intestinal absorption of calcium
4. Increases absorption of iron from plant sources
5. Synthesised in skin during exposure to sunlight.
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All information is essential knowledge for pharmacists
and the prereg exam, however words highlighted in
red are what I see as information that is
compulsory to know, if you don't know these by the time
of the exam you will definitely fail!
Vitamin A (Retinol)
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Involved in regeneration of membranes and
formation of light-sensitive substances in the
eye
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Contra-indications:
Pregnancy (tetrarogenic)
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Foods: Diary products, egg, yolks,
liver, oily fish,
broccoli, carrots, tomatoes,
cod-liver oil
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Defienciency associated with occular defects
(particularly xerophthalmia) and an increased
susceptability to infections.
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Overdose: may cause rough skin, dry hair,
enlarged liver, and raised erythrocyte
sedimentation rate and raised serum calcium and
serum alkaline phosphatase concentrations.
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Vitamin
B1 (thiamine)
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Involved in the breakdown of carbohydrates and
nerve cell function
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Foods: Yeast,
liver, cereals, milk, eggs
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Vitamin
B2 (Riboflavine)
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Involved in oxidation processes, including
respiration
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Foods:yeast, liver, milk, eggs, cereals
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Vitamin
B6 (pyridoxine)
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Involved in protein metabolism
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Foods: wholemeal flour, fish, eggs
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Vitamin
B12 (cyanocobalamin)
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Involved in blood production
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eggs, liver, meat, fish
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Vegetarians may take yeast extracts as an
alternative source for vitamin B12
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Megaloblastic anaemias result from a lack
of vitamin B12 or folate
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Nicotinic Acid (part of the B comlex)
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involved in enzyme systems
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Foods: Wholemeal flour, meat, fish
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Vitamin C deficiency causes scurvy (symptoms of
scurcy, gingival swelling and bleeding margins
as wells as petechiae on the skin, and signs of
leukaemia). Less profound manifestations of
vitamin C may commonly occur in the elderly.
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Vitamin
C (Ascorbic Acid)
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Aids
iron absorption (e.g Vitamin C is
included in ferrograd C to aid absorption).
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Foods: Citrus fruits, vegetables (green),
berries, oranges
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Is
thought to aid the immune system in prevention
of a cold
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Vitamin
D
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Involved in calcium metabolism and bone
formation (Tip to help remember: the D in
Calcichew D3 is vitamin D used to aid calcium
absorbtion)
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Foods: Fish liver oil, animal fats, dairy
produce
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Vitamin D is synthesised in the skin during
exposure to sunlight. People that are housebound
and don't get enough sunlight may suffer from
vitamin D deficiency
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Vitamin
E
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has
antioxidant properties, may be important for
normal neurological function
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Foods: Vegetables, Nuts
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Is
present in vegetable oils
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Vitamin
K
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Involved in blood
coagulating factors. Is also necessary
for production of proteins for the normal
calcification of bone.
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Warfarin is vitamin K antagonist.
Therefore Vitamin K may decrease the
effectiveness of warfarin.
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Foods: Green vegetables, liver
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Fat soluble,
menadiol sodium phosphate is a water-soluble
preperation of vitamin K, used for defiency in
malabsorbtion syndromes.
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